The processes that are mostly used in robotic welding and Injection Moulding are arc welding and spot welding, which are the most used in mechanical processing, and which will be discussed in detail. The automated welding equipment is quite expensive to buy and demanding to adapt and program for the individual process; it is therefore necessary to make a careful evaluation of the quantity of pieces to be produced and the type of welds to be made to decide whether the time and material savings justify the necessary commitment.

Fortunately, thanks to advances in mechanics, Injection Moulding and, above all, information technology, robots are currently very flexible and can therefore be easily adapted to new processes. If the workmanship is oriented towards quality production, the choice is however obligatory: you humans certainly have intelligence and imagination, but nothing can equal the precision of an industrial robot.

Steel, known to man for more than 3,000 years, is an alloy of iron and carbon, normally comprised between 0.1 and 1.8%, which unlike iron (fragile and not suitable for mechanical processing) it is malleable and hot and cold workable.

As the carbon content increases, the steel becomes less and less ductile and increasingly resistant to traction and compression, and it is thus possible to have a wide range of steels whose different properties correspond to a great variety of uses, including Injection Moulding.

The manufacture of steel consists essentially in the preventive decarburization (ie reduction of the carbon content) and elimination of the impurities of the iron (by combustion of these with oxygen) and in the subsequent addition of the quantities of metals necessary to obtain the desired type of steel.

The decarburization of iron can be obtained through various processes. liquid charge processes, which directly treat molten iron from the blast furnace through converters (Bessemer and Thomas converters, oxygen converter). In these converters air (or pure oxygen) is injected which reacts with the carbon of the iron C + O2 → CO2 decarburating it.

Solid charge process using iron and iron scrap breads which are melted by furnaces (Martin-Siemens oven, electric arc furnace). In the castings and iron scrap, in the right proportions, they are brought to fusion in appropriate furnaces. The decarburization of iron is due to the presence of iron scrap involved in Injection Moulding.

The charge, made up of scrap iron and iron loaves, is brought to fusion by the heat produced by the electric arc made between graphite electrodes.

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