A Quick Primer On DNS Security

Most internet users use domain names to identify the websites that they want to access. On the other hand, computers rely on IP addresses to route traffic and to recognize various systems linked to the internet. DNS (Domain Name System) is a protocol that enables domain name use, by converting domain names into machine-readable IP addresses. However, DNS is vulnerable to cyberattacks, and therefore, DNS security is a critical part of network security. Here’s some more information on this topic.

Why is DNS Vulnerable?

DNS was created about four decades ago, in the early days of the internet. At this point, cybersecurity threats weren’t a big concern. The internet was way smaller and therefore safer by default. Unfortunately, this led to the DNS having certain design limitations. Common DNS attacks include, among others:
• DNS tunneling – Attackers use TCP, SSH, and HTTP protocols to covertly put malware in the system.

• DNS Spoofing – Phony data infiltrates the DNA resolver cache. It’s, therefore, also referred to as cache poisoning.

• DNS hijacking – Users are deceived into believing they are being directed to the right domain when in reality they are connected to a domain name server that’s malicious.

• NXDOMAIN attack – The domain is overwhelmed with requests for phony records; this leads to denial of service.

How to Secure the DNS

Secure the Protocol

The DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is the bedrock of DNS security. The DNSSEC protocols include validation of DNS responses. Because authenticated responses cannot be modified or spoofed, hackers can’t exploit DNS to direct users to malicious domains.

Secure the Channel

DoT (DNS over HTTPS) and DoH (DNS over TLS) secure the information being conveyed through an insecure protocol. Unlike in traditional DNS, requests are authenticated and encrypted. By deploying DoT and DoH, users can ensure that their DNS responses are secured and their DNS requests are shielded from eavesdropping (which reveals the websites that users are visiting).

DNS Inspection

An IPS (Intrusion prevention system) coupled with NGFW (a next-generation firewall) can detect malicious activities like DNS tunneling. This helps prevent the misuse of DNS for malware command and control and other cyber attacks.

Reputation Filtering

For malware to access IP addresses, it has to make a DNS request just like other internet users. You can block requests to domains that are you deem dangerous based on threat intelligence findings. This will stop malware from being in touch with its operators and users from accessing dangerous sites.

Conclusion

DNS is a vital part of internet infrastructure. Due to its centrality in internet usage, you should take the necessary precautions to ensure DNS security.